- Git thinks of its data more like a set of snapshots of a miniature filesystem
- if files have not changed, Git doesn’t store the file again, just a link to the previous identical file it has already stored
- you have the entire history of the project right there on your local disk
- there is very little you can’t do if you’re offline
- it’s impossible to change the contents of any file or directory without Git knowing about it (Everything in Git is check-summed before it is stored)
- Git stores everything in its database not by file name but by the hash value (40-character string used for checksumming) of its contents
- It is hard to get the system to do anything that is not undoable or to make it erase data in any way
- Git has three main states that your files can reside in: committed, modified, and staged
- Committed means that the data is safely stored in your local database
- your local database is called the "Git Directory" ("Repository"). This is what is copied when you clone a repository from another computer
- Modified means that you have changed the file but have not committed it to your database yet
- this happens in your "Working Directory". The working directory is a single checkout of one version of the project.
- Staged means that you have marked a modified file in its current version to go into your next commit snapshot
- the Staging Area is a file, generally contained in your Git directory, that stores information about what will go into your next commit
- The basic Git workflow goes something like this:
- 1. You modify files in your working directory.
- 2. You stage the files, adding snapshots of them to your staging area.
- 3. You do a commit, which takes the files as they are in the staging area and stores that snapshot permanently to your Git directory.
- Add the latest git version to your repository:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:git-core/ppa- Update repository list:
sudo apt-get update- Install the latest version of git:
sudo apt-get install git- Check git version:
git --version
- Setting up user name and e-mail address is necessary
- git config --global user.name "YOUR NAME"
- git config --global user.email "YOUR EMAIL ADDRESS"
- How to keep your e-mail address private on GitHub
- git config --global user.email "username@users.noreply.github.com"
- check your settings with
git config --list
Get help:
- there is a general man page and
- there are also separate man pages for each command.
- Check out the Git CheatSheet
- install GitK for a visual Git history browser
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